Sports Finals

Megan asked:


Sans-culottes- the name for the laboring poor and the petty traders
the Mountain- a group contesting control of the National Convention in France led by Robespierre and Georges Jaques Danton
Maximiellen Robespierre- National Convention proclaimed France a republic in 1792, led he Girondists and the Mountain
Committee of Public Safety-created by the National Convention in 1793. Originally consisting of nine members of the convention, it was formed as an
administrative body to supervise and expedite the work of the executive bodies of the convention and of the government ministers appointed by the convention.
planned economy- a plan created by Robespierre and his coworkers that involved the government in the economy - the government would set maximum
allowable prices for key products rather than letting supply and demand determine prices.
Reign of Terror (1793-1794)- Robespierre used revolutionary terror to solidify the home front, in special courts rebels and “enemies of the nation” were tried
for political crimes.
Nationalism- French nationalism exploded with a common language and tradition reinforced by the idea of popular sovereignty and democracy as the French were
stirred by a common loyalty.
Louis XVI- plan to tax landed property was opposed by the Assembly of Notables and the Parliament of Paris, gave in and called for a meeting of the Estates General, the representative body of
the three estates, was tried and convicted of treason
by the National Convention and guillotined in early 1793.
Marie Antoinette- Queen of France (1774-1793) as the wife of Louis XVI. Unpopular because of her extravagance and insensitivity toward the masses, she was tried by the
Revolutionary Tribunal and executed
Thermidorian reaction- a reaction to the Reign of Terror where middle class professionals reasserted their authority.
The Directory- a five man executive body
Coup d’ etat- the sudden, illegal overthrowing of a government by a part of the state establishment
Napoleon Bonaparte- French general, political leader, and emperor of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Bonaparte rose swiftly through the ranks of army
and government during and
after the French Revolution and crowned himself emperor in 1804. He conquered much of Europe but lost two-thirds of his army in a disastrous invasion of Russia. After his
final loss to Britain and Prussia at the Battle of Waterloo, he was exiled to the island of St. Helena in the south Atlantic Ocean
Concordat of 1801- guaranteed freedom of worship for Catholics
family monarchy- a monarchy where the power of the husband and father was as absolute over the wife and the children as that of Napoleon over his subjects.
Lord Nelson (Battle of Trafalgar)- a naval battle in 1805 off the southwest coast of Spain; the French and Spanish fleets were defeated by the English under Nelson
Third Coalition- in 1805 saw the defeat of an alliance of Austria, Portugal, Russia, Great Britain and others by France and its client states under Napoleon I
German Confederation of the Rhine- The Third Coalition collapsed at Austerlitz (1805), and Napoleon reorganized the German states
Grand Empire- in Europe meant French control of continental Europe.
Elbe- is one of the major rivers of Central Europe
St. Helena- is an island of volcanic origin and a British overseas territory in the South Atlantic Ocean